Tuesday 24 June 2014

Are You...


The current post marks the beginning of a series that I'll delve into which deliberates on you're mental state. Are you narcissistic? Are you depressed? Are you anxious? Are you manic? Are you still reading this? Well, you get the idea. 

I'll be making use of the the DSM-5 in these posts. What's the DSM-5 I hear you ask? It's been referred to as the psychiatrist's bible. It's full title is as follows: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition). 

Psych's have been super busy both applauding and scrutinising this latest edition. For example, you can be diagnosed as clinically depressed if you've lost somebody recently. That's just one of the issues that comes up in the debate. You can see more criticism of the current edition here, but that's fuel for another post anyway.

What this series of posts will explore are some of the main features of personality or reactions to environmental phenomena that leave a significant imprint on your psyche. 

These posts will explore some of the main features of depression, narcissism, anxiety, and a few other "disorders" that appear in the latest DSM. 

They'll make use of real-world examples in order to ascertain whether you identify with some of these features, and advice on how to proceed if you do find yourself in want or need of change.

I look forward to these upcoming posts, and I look forward to any responses, queries/questions that you find yourself wanting to express. 

The topics covered shall be as follows:


  1. Are you a narcissist?
  2. Are you depressed?
  3. Are you addicted?
  4. Are you manic?
  5. Are you traumatised?
  6. Are you anxious?
  7. Are you antisocial?
  8. Are you paranoid?
  9. Are you avoidant?
  10. Are you dependent?
  11. Are you an obsessive-compulsive?
  12. Are you psychotic?
  13. Are you anorexic?
  14. Are you an indulger?
  15. Are you sleepy?
  16. Are you sexual?



Image retrieved from:
http://www.deliberation.info/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Censorship2.jpg

Wednesday 11 June 2014

S.T.U.N. Yourself!


CBT. You might've heard of it. It stands for cognitive behaviour therapy and has focuses on setting up thoughts for reality testing. What's that mean? It means that when there's an identification of distorted negative beliefs (or cognitions) about oneself, bringing these to the fore through the use of testing them against the backdrop of "reality" might prove beneficial is ridding yourself of them.

You fail in a maths quiz, or relationship, or whatever; this brings a sneaky thought to mind: "I'm a failure! I never succeed at anything. I'm always gonna be a failure." Where this thought most likely will lead is to negative behaviours that are formulated in accordance with that belief such as, trying less in what you're doing; avoiding relationships; retreating into yourself, etc.

One technique that's been tried and tested in ridding oneself of these thoughts, or at least challenging them, has been the S.T.U.N. technique. 

What's the S.T.U.N. technique?

Mark Walsh from integration training on CBT Techniques

It stems from the theoretical backdrop of Aaron T. Beck's, MD, cognitive therapy, or CBT. Formulated by psychotherapist Roger Mills the S.T.U.N. technique asks you to Spot your thinking. When you've spotted this thinking (generally "bad" cognitions) ask whether it's actually True for you. If it proves that it's true (or untrue) ask yourself whether it's Useful. If you find that it's not useful then you might decide you have to do something about it. That's when you create a New story (just as real as you thought the negative story was) and test that against reality. When you realise that this new story is serving you better, you're more equipped to handle the situation that was initially distressing.

Spot.

True?

Useful?

New.

Understanding that there's a plethora of stories out there that could either serve you well, or not so well, the onus is on yourself to seek and find these "stories."

To some it's not as simple as that, and in that case they may benefit from seeing a counsellor, psychotherapist, or psychologist. However, if you come across those "sneaky little intrusive thoughts" you'd do well to S.T.U.N. them into reality!

Image retrieved from:
http://www.dreamandhustle.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/stunned.jpg

Tuesday 10 June 2014

Stop and Smell the Roses: The Science of being Mindful



Prior to sitting and writing this post I was out in nature. Strapping on my Brooks Glycerin running shoes and heading out to get my fill of Vitamin D a thought reached my consciousness, "I think I should write on mindfulness."

While walking down my street, reaching and breaking off and fingering the Callistemon bottlebrush that grows locally I began to formulate the structure of this post. I'd wanted to write on being mindful for a while, but never quite got around to it.

I smiled, closed my eyes and enjoyed the warm rays of sunshine as they projected onto my forehead. Spreading out my arms I felt the cool wind responsible for the goosebumps that were reluctantly showing themselves upon my bare skin. I breathed in the scent of freshly cut lawns (quite a difficult feat given my semi-blocked nose) and went on walking about.

I thought about the discussion in the psychology field regarding our deprivation of nature to the happening of the concrete jungles we surround ourselves with on a day-by-day basis.

Not too long ago (relatively speaking) in our evolutionary history our ancestors were trudging along to nature without the slightest clue that it's neurologically beneficial for us. 

Since the industrial revolution we've faced, and are quite accustomed to our lives of supply and demand; of solitude and production; of constriction and restriction. Most of us have forgotten what it's like to be outside. We suffer from vitamin deficiencies, of mood disorders, of a plethora of addictions given how we've found ourselves living in the here-and-now.

But should I even use the term "here-and-now"? That designates that we're conscious of what's happening to us here and now. But we're not! That's why writing this has been so important to me - I want to introduce you to the "here-and-now". To introduce you to owning your current experience rather than living a life of distraction.

I want you to "stop and smell the roses."


What is mindfulness?

Stemming from Buddhist philosophy, being mindful is allows a person to take in their surroundings and focus on the senses. Although thoughts are quite intrusive, being mindful doesn't mean we should bottle down our thoughts in favour of concentrating on our five senses, but to acknowledge them and put them aside for later (or bracket them).

When the psychology field got its grasp on mindfulness techniques things changed. We have Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy where we address cognitive concerns (like anxious thoughts and the behaviours these might lead to) in a mindful way - we attempt to understand our experience phenomenologically (i.e. understanding our experience as based on our senses) and understand our thoughts in such a way that we can test them against our actual reality (i.e. reality testing).

When we're mindful, in the therapeutic context, we're able to slow things down; to take hold of the situation through a number of relaxation techniques (e.g. controlled breathing) and effectively set ourselves up to a happier and healthier life.

Neuropsychologist Dr. Rick Hanson asserts that if we're able to "light up the brain circuits that relieve worry and stress" through mindfulness based techniques we'll be well on our way towards more "positive relationships and inner peace."

In his interview with Gestalt counsellor Clinton Power from the Australian Counselling Directory, Hanson deliberated upon the brain's ability to reformulate itself and create better functioning neural pathways if we're able to undertake various changes in thought and behaviour. We're able to self-direct our brains towards preferential plasticity!


So how can we be more mindful?

It can honestly start with stopping to smell the roses. By putting on your walking shoes and taking in your surroundings you're better adept at changing your neural circuitry for the better. 

By being mindful in what you eat, feel, smell, and so on, you're well on your way to a happier and healthier self.

Clinical psychologist Raina Jardin notes three simple steps to becoming more mindful in everyday life. They're as follows:

1. One Minute Exercise: Sit in front of a clock and focus your entire attention on your breathing and nothing else, for the minute. This can be a great quick way to get present during the work day, just use the clock on your taskbar.
2. Mindful Eating:  Eat your meal slowly, paying full attention to which piece of food you select to eat, how it looks, how it smells, its texture and taste – how you cut the food, the sound of your knife and fork or chopsticks against the plate, the muscles you use to raise it to your mouth.
3. Mindful Walking: While walking concentrate on the feel of the ground under your feet and your breathing. Observe what is around you as you walk, notice what you can see (other walkers, trees, cars), notice what you can smell (ocean air, food as you walk past cafes, the earth), notice what you can feel (e.g., the wind or sun on your face), notice what you can hear (leaves crunching under your feet, the clinking of cutlery in cafes, birds etc).
So get on it!


Images retrieved from:
http://www.philosophywa.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/mind_full.jpg
http://stylonica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/nature.jpg
http://www.yogaloft.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/meditation-omharmonics.png

Tuesday 3 June 2014

Making Anxiety Your Friend

This post has been a long time coming, but finally it's here! I've wanted to describe the relationship between our thought patterns and the effect they have on our body for a while and I've figured out just how to do it... 

I came across a TED Talk that featured a health psychologist by the name of Kelly McGonigal. I am convinced that if there was one video you were to watch this year, you'd do well to watch this one below.


McGonigal describes the interrelation between the way we think about stress, and its effect on our body.

For people that experience super high stress levels, altering the perception of this stress has been deemed to lower your risk of death by upwards of 40%!

Take the following for example:

You're at home, on Facebook. You're scrolling through your news feed. Lo and behold, you come across a post that's been commented on by a number of your friends. This post has made reference to you in a derogatory way. You're steaming! You feel your shoulders tensing up. Your heart's beating hard. Your hands are sweating. You find your mouth dry, and you're losing breath. You're down right stressed now. How could this be any good for you?

Well, here's how... 

When we learn to understand our stress response as something that could be seen in a positive light, we learn to change our psychology towards a courage-orientation.

How does this look?

When you feel your heart's beating quicker, you can tell yourself "Hey, that's okay. My body's preparing me for action." When you're breathing quicker say to yourself "It's fine, that just means my body's getting more oxygen to my brain." You see, when we understand our response not as something that's going to put us through the rough and tumble physiologically, but something that's preparing us to stand for what we value (in the latter instance, our reputation) we're able to take our body into our own hands. We're able to stand up and say "I'm in control, and I know where to go."

Your blood vessels, instead of constricting (a determinant to cardiovascular disease in extremely anxious people) remain healthy. Your body's not on the down and out, but getting ready to up and go!

Our evolutionary ancestors, when confronted by a wild animal could definitely understand how this would look like. With their body ceasing digestion, their adrenalin pumping, heart pacing, and mind fixed they're either able to escape the predator, or defeat it. You'll either fly (run away) from your problems; fight (choose to tackle them head on); or freeze (not know what to do or where to go).

The path is up to you!

One final tidbit before we end will be the fact that anxiety makes us social! Yes, you got it right, it gives us the opportunity to be social. 



Let's talk about oxytocin. It's a stress hormone. It's as much a part of the stress response as the adrenalin released to get us ready for tackling stress. But here's the kicker... It's a hormone that fine tunes our social habits. It's released when cuddling, having sex, talking to others, being close - essentially, it's a hormone that allows our sense of self be surrounded by those we love. 

Studies have shown that when we reach out to others in times of stress rather than bottling it in we're better equipped to handle life's challenges. In fact, when we reach out to others we're significantly less likely to end up dead than when we don't! When oxytocin's released it works not only to make us feel good, but also to heal damaged heart cells. You see, the heart has special receptors for these hormones, and they act in such a way to repair the heart-hurt previously experienced.

There's a potential, by changing the way you think about stress and reaching out to others in times of stress, to reverse the thrashing our heart has taken in the past. Our body's got a built-in mechanism to combat hurt in the toughest times. What is it? It's being social!


Images and video received from:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcGyVTAoXEU
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Oxytocin-neurophysin.png
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-reUH0C6K_Bg/UilzlELj14I/AAAAAAAAJvk/NwD2zxsBmmY/s1600/Happiness.jpg